FROSTBITE
Often frostbite
and hypothermia go hand in hand: both are caused by prolonged exposure to
extreme cold.
Frostbite is
localized damage to tissue due to freezing temperatures in which the fluid in
individual body cells is frozen. Frostbite usually occurs on areas less
protected; like tips of the ears or tails or a dog's scrotum. These areas are
also less protected by hair.
Dogs do
certainly get cold feet, but somehow it’s a rarity that they actually get frost
bitten feet. Some vets believe the thicker skin on the pads protect the feet.; there
is also the fact that dogs can tuck their feet in against their bodies.
If the skin
freezes it no longer has a blood supply, the tissue will be pale white or
bluish in colour. Without a blood supply the tissue will die. You need to
get your dog into a warm place. Warming frozen tissue must be done slowly
and very gently - do not rub, as this may fracture the frozen
cells and do irreparable damage. Frostbitten tissue may peel. Warm the
tissue with a hairdryer on low heat or with warm water. If circulation does
return, this tissue will be red and swollen and extremely sore.
Treat with
antibiotic cream and bandage lightly. If severely frostbitten tissue doesn’t
regain blood supply a Veterinarian will be needed to remove dead tissue.
Fortunately
frostbite can be prevented in many cases. In extreme cold your dogs will
start lifting
their feet and stop to lick them. These are indicators letting us know its time
to bring them in. Frostbite can occur in as little as 15 minutes to exposed
skin. If your dog lives outside you will need to make sure he stays warm and
dry. Start with an insulated dog house only big enough to stand and turn around
if it’s too big it will be harder for your dog to stay warm. The dog house
should be sheltered from the wind. The
dog house should also be on some sort of platform off the frozen ground. Door
flaps will help to keep drafty wind out.
Bedding can be
shredded news paper or blankets - but blankets hold moisture. Fresh straw or
hay is considered the best. All dogs need access to fresh water. In the winter
it is even more important because dehydration happens more because the body is
using up energy trying to stay warm. Electric pails are available to keep the
water from freezing. These precautions
will help keep your dog safe from the winter hazards.